Appeal (cricket)

In the sport of cricket, an appeal is the act of a player on the fielding team asking an umpire for a decision regarding whether a batsman is out or not. According to the Laws of Cricket, an umpire may not rule a batsman out unless the fielding side appeals. There have been occasions when a batsman has otherwise technically been out, but the fielding team neglected to appeal so the umpire did not declare them out. An appeal may be made at any point before the bowler starts his run-up for the next ball.

According to the Laws of Cricket, an appeal is a verbal query, usually in the form of, "How's that?" to an umpire. Since the taking of a wicket is an important event in the game, members of the fielding team often shout this phrase with great enthusiasm, and it has transmuted into the slightly abbreviated form, "Howzat?", often with a greatly extended final syllable. Sometimes the second syllable is omitted entirely, the player emitting an elongated cry of simply "How?"

Most players also raise their arms or point at the umpire as part of the appeal. Some players have established their own trademark appeals as well.

Although technically an appeal is required for the umpire to make a decision, in practice it is often obvious to all that a batsman is out, and the batsman may walk off the field without waiting for the decision of the umpire. This is invariably the case when a batsman is out bowled or to an obvious catch. However, the batsman is always entitled to stand his ground and wait for a decision from the umpire. In cases where he considers he might not be out, such as a catch taken low near the grass or where it is not clear if the ball hit the bat, batsmen will not take the walking option. It is then up to the fielding team to appeal for a decision. Sometimes a batsman will walk even when it is not clear to others that he is out, if in his own mind he is certain he was out; this is considered to be the epitome of sportsmanlike behaviour.

Some decisions, such as leg before wicket, always require an appeal and the umpire's decision, as no batsman will pre-empt the umpire on what requires fine judgment of several factors. Run-outs and stumpings are usually appealed and decided by an umpire, unless the batsman is clearly out of his ground and obviously out. Appealing differs vastly from sledging in the context that appealing is not supposed to be offensive or directly taunting to the other team, and more of a celebration to the appealing team. However, excessive appealing is against ICC's Code of Conduct:

Under the ICC Cricket Code of Conduct, it is considered unsportsmanlike to:

• appeal excessively;
• appeal in an intimidating manner towards an umpire; or
• appeal under the knowledge that the batsman is not out.

Any instances of such behaviour are punishable by fines or match bans, as adjudicated and imposed by the match referee. Australian Bowler Brett Lee was fined 25% of his match fee for excessive appealing during match two of the 2006-07 Ashes series at the Adelaide Oval when he believed English batsman Kevin Pietersen was out caught behind.

The Indian fast bowler Sreesanth has been fined for over-appealing on multiple occasions, in particular for drawing breath and appealing for a second time after the umpire had already shaken his head.

In 2001, Mike Denness banned Virender Sehwag for one Test and fined a number of other Indian players for charging at the umpire (intimidation) and overappealling in a Test against South Africa, sparking a diplomatic incident, after the Indian board then had Denness locked out of the stadium for the next match and replaced. The match was subsequently stripped of Test status by the ICC.

[edit] See also

• Appeal play - a similar concept in baseball
• Cricket terminology
• Umpire Decision Review System